肥料含有多種元素,不同作物、不同土壤、不同時期所需元素及用量均有所區別,但是這些元素相互之間有著怎樣的關系? 哪些元素會有拮抗作用?這些基本的問題可得掌握,日后施肥用得上!讓我們就一起來學習一下。
蛋白質是一類復雜的含氮化合物,每種蛋白質都有其恒定的含氮量,(約在14%~18%,平均約含氮16%)所以,可用蛋白氮的量乘以6.25(100/16=6.25),算出蛋白質的含量。若以總氮含量乘以6.25,就是樣品的粗蛋白含量。
黑土地是“耕地中的大熊貓”。黑土地土壤類型包括黑土、黑鈣土、草甸土、白漿土、暗棕壤、棕壤等。2022 年8 月1 日,《中華人民共和國黑土地保護法》正式施行。編輯部以“中國知網”數據庫內容為依據,通過搜索“腐植酸、腐殖酸、黃腐酸、棕腐酸、黑腐酸、胡敏酸、富里酸、泥炭”+“黑土、黑鈣土、草甸土、白漿土、暗棕壤、棕壤”等專用詞,遴選出100 篇腐植酸在黑土地應用方面的文獻摘要,現按時序分享給大家,以表百事和好。
腐殖酸本身就含有植物生長所需的元素碳、氫、氧、氮等,同時它又可以提高氮、磷、鉀肥的利用率,所以,腐殖酸對于作物的增產效果是非常明顯的。施用腐殖酸肥和有機無機復混肥與施用化肥相比:一般大田糧油作物增產8%至20%左右,瓜果蔬菜、經濟作物一般增產15%至35%左右。因此,在農業生產中,它是農民朋友們不可或缺的好幫手。關于腐殖酸肥你知道多少呢?
由于秸稈覆蓋在果園空曠的土壤表面,能減輕太陽照射,減少地面蒸發,使土壤一年、一天中的溫度變化幅度小,并能穩定地保持土壤水分。在果園覆蓋2~3年后,秸稈腐爛,大量的腐爛秸稈能明顯提高土壤有機質和養分含量,有利于改善土壤理化性狀和團粒結構的形成,促進了根系對土壤肥水的吸收和利用。覆蓋改善了土壤環境及樹間小氣候,促進了果樹地下與地上部分的生長發育,從而提高了果品產量及品質。
Boron is an essential micronutrient to plants and is involved in functions such as meristematic growth and cellular differentiation, maturation, division and elongation. Many species vary in their requirements for boron and, usually, there is a narrow range between adequate and toxic levels of boron.硼是植物必需的微量營養素,參與分生組織生長和細胞分化、成熟、分裂和伸長等功能。許多物種對硼的需求量各不相同,通常,硼的充足水平和毒性水平之間的范圍很窄。
摘要:硼是一種重要的植物微量營養元素,主要以硼酸的形式通過根系吸收。其在植物代謝中的重要作用涉及具有順式二醇基團分子的穩定。該元素涉及細胞壁和膜的結構和功能;因此,它參與許多離子、代謝物和激素轉運反應。硼在缺乏和毒性之間的范圍極窄,硼供應不足會對農業植物的產量產生不利影響。缺硼問題可以通過施肥來解決,而土壤硼毒性可以通過各種方式來改善;然而,這些方法成本高、耗時長,而且往往會產生暫時的效果。植物物種以及物種內的基因型在硼需求方面存在顯著差異;因此,土壤可利用的硼對一種作物缺乏,可能會對另一種作物產生毒性影響。關于硼利用效率和毒性耐受性的廣泛記錄的種內遺傳變異性,加上硼的生理學和遺傳學知識,應引導開發高效和耐受的品種,這可能是硼供應不足或過量問題的長期可持續解決方案。
Abstract: Boron is an essential plant micronutrient taken up via the roots mostly in the form of boric acid. Its important role in plant metabolism involves the stabilization of molecules with cis-diol groups. The element is involved in the cell wall and membrane structure and functioning; therefore, it participates in numerous ion, metabolite, and hormone transport reactions. Boron has an extremely narrow range between deficiency and toxicity, and inadequate boron supply exhibits a detrimental effect on the yield of agricultural plants. The deficiency problem can be solved by fertilization, whereas soil boron toxicity can be ameliorated using various procedures; however, these approaches are costly and time-consuming, and they often show temporary effects. Plant species, as well as the genotypes within the species, dramatically differ in terms of boron requirements; thus, the available soil boron which is deficient for one crop may exhibit toxic effects on another. The widely documented intraspecies genetic variability regarding boron utilization efficiency and toxicity tolerance, together with the knowledge of the physiology and genetics of boron, should result in the development of efficient and tolerant varieties that may represent a long-term sustainable solution for the problem of inadequate or excess boron supply.
雖然硼是一種必需的植物營養元素,但過量會產生毒性。由于井水中的過量硼不存在補救措施,因此應在景觀中種植耐硼植物。“不幸的是,你無法對井水采取任何措施來降低其硼含量,因此選擇耐硼植物是明智的選擇。”
Although boron is an essential plant nutrient, excessive amounts can become toxic. Since no remedies exist for excess boron in well water, stick to boron-tolerant plants in the landscape.“Unfortunately, there is nothing you can do to your well water to reduce its level of boron, so selecting boron-tolerant plants is a wise direction to take.”